Clubfoot (talipes equinovarus)

What it is

Talipes equinovarus, club foot. M > F.

The problem is that the talus is inverted and internally rotated, the ankle is plantar flexed, and the forefoot is in varus position. The important point is an inverted, inward turning, plantar flexed foot.

The CAVE deformity

• Cavus: medial crease.
• Adduction of forefoot: toes face inward.
• Varus: foot face inward.
• Equines: heel is flattened.

The distinct components are plantar flexion (equinus) of the ankle, adduction (varus) of the heel (hindfoot), adduction of the forefoot, and high arch (cavus) at the midfoot. The hallmark is equinus - inability to dorsiflex at the ankle.

What it comes with

• Spina bifida.
• Cerebral palsy.
• Edward's syndrome (trisomy 18).
• Oligohydramnios.
• Arthrogryposis.